![]() Research into the behavior of B cells and germinal centers (GCs) during immune responses has been motivated by the potential benefit to vaccine development ( 1, 2). Our results demonstrate that the induction of CD11b on B cells is a promising marker for selecting an effective mucosal vaccine adjuvant.Īffinity maturation, B cell stimulation, CD11b, pre-GC B cell marker Introduction coli increased the number of PP GC B cells within two days, and enhanced the mucosal antigen-specific IgA response. In addition, mice orally administered with pam3CSK4 or heat-killed E. Furthermore, independently of dendritic cell activation, CD11b expression on B cells can be induced by bacterial antigens, such as pam3CSK4 and heat-killed Escherichia coli in vitro. ![]() They expressed GC surface markers and pre-GC B cell genes, suggesting that CD11b provides a novel surface marker of pre-GC IgA + B cells in murine PPs. After injection of the CD11b +IgA + PP B cells into a PP of a recipient mouse, they entered GCs forty hours later. Here, we found a small population of CD11b +IgA + B cells located outside of GCs in murine Peyer’s patches (PPs). However, which activated B cells will enter GCs remains unknown. Activated B cells can enter germinal centers (GCs) for affinity maturation to produce high-affinity antibodies.
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